Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tugas) Softskill B.inggris

TEFL

 

TEFL or 'Teaching English as a Foreign Language' programs, like TESL courses, refer to professional courses wherein non-English speaking people are trained in the English language.

The only difference in this case is that the teaching programs are conducted in 'NON-ENGLISH speaking REGIONS'. Training programs for TEFL are usually conducted in English-speaking regions (although this is not a rule) but the coaching is offered in the student's native land.
TEFL - Teaching English Tips
Career Opportunities

Truly speaking, with the growing importance of English (both written and conversational), TEFL is becoming a rewarding career option day-by-day. People trained as EFL teachers are usually appointed by commercial language schools, government departments, large companies and other renowned private and voluntary organizations like The British Council. They are also offered lucrative jobs and fixed-term contracts abroad.
Job description of a TEFL instructor
TEFL - Teaching English Tips

TEFL instructors help their students improve their English writing and speaking ability by packing their instructions with the most useful information, presenting it in an extremely interesting manner. They impart their knowledge through various TEFL lessons to develop the four basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing of the learners. Consequently, the job involves a lot of researching and planningon the part of the teacher.
As an instructor, you can make use of varied course materials and a variety of audio-visual aids to assist your students. You will also need to boost their confidence by engaging them in social and cultural activities or by taking them on outings. You can also try teaching on 'one-to-one' basis. Whatever be your approach, you ought to make the learning process easy and enjoyable to ensure success.
TEFL - Teaching English Tips
Qualifications For A TEFL Instructor

As such, there is no recognized/certified organization to oversee the issuance of qualifications in general and hence there is no accepted standard qualification. The qualification of an instructor is usually decided by the organization for which the coach is to be recruited. Thus, in the European nations, an undergraduate degree and a TEFL/TESL certification is the average requirement. In USA, the basic qualification is a Master's degree in TESOL. In some nations, far less qualified instructors are appointed. Institutions like Berlitz do not recognize the CELTA / CertTESOL and train their teachers as per their own standards. (Proficiency in English is essential. Knowledge of other languages will be of immense help.)
TEFL Certification Courses
TEFL - Teaching English Tips

However, much we say that there are no set standards/ qualifications for being appointed as a TEFL coach or instructor, most commercial professional ventures are quite discriminating in their choice. TEFL certification courses and core curriculums help you develop all the positive skills and techniques that you need to become a successful EFL instructor.

Thus, you are tutored in the ways of training your students in grammar and vocabulary. Classroom management, motivating students and advanced trainings that help your students attain mastery over spoken and written English are some other tricks being imparted through these programs. In brief, the TEFL certification is a proof of your efficiency as an EFL instructor and most employers judge you on its basis.
TEFL - Teaching English Tips

Certification courses like CELTA, CELTYL, CertTESOL, etc. are conducted at a number of campuses in both UK and USA. Localized certification courses are also offered by individual organizations or institutions. You can even opt for a certification course online.
Conclusion

As a career, TEFL promises a good pay packet in addition to creating opportunities for you to visit interesting destinations. Overseas teaching ventures as a TEFL instructor help you with your career prospects. Exposure to different cultures and traditions, likewise, help you make all-round progress as an individual.

 

English in the world Today: Different context for Teaching

English as first language/native English/mother tongue (EMT/L1): United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia, Canada, South Africa.

English as Second language (ESL/L2): Malaysia (but now Malaysia use English as foreign language.

English as Foreign language (EFL):
Academic Rasionalism.
Develop our country: mastering the technology and to mastering technology, we should learn language. There are 3 status/language & policy in indonesia. They are
1. National Language
2. Local Language
3. Foreign language
English as an International language (EIL):
People study English because they want to use English to talk they want to communicate with other people around the world.

English for Speaker/Other language:
Different people with different language. Teach people that use different language to communicate. 
There are 4 factors of the perennial thruths of teaching-learning process. They are, Teacher, Students, Material, and context of time & Place. There will be no teaching-learning process if one of them is absent.
Focus on the Teacher
The EFL Teacher
- Formal EFL teaching qualification
An EFL teacher is the one who is employed in an official capacity for the purpose of guiding & directing the learning experiences of pupils/students in English in an educational institution. Whether public/private. In regard to having completed a professional curriculum in a teacher education institution & whose training in teaching English has been recognized by the award of an appropriate
- The areas of TEFL teacher competence
Command of theoritical knowledge about language acquistion, language learning & human behavior.
Command of knowledge in the subject matter to be taught
Control of technical skills of teaching to facilitate students learning
Display of positive attitudes that foster learning & genuine human relationship
Control of intra-&intercultural awareness
- The roles he/she should play in the classroom
- The personality or characters he should have
- The kinds of talk he should say in the classroom
- EFL teacher development
Competence of the Teacher
- Pedagogic
- Personality
- Social

We are here!

-Ilham Anugrah

-Nur Anggita W.A

-Fitri Choirunisa

Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tugas) Softskill B.inggris

TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)

 

Test of English as a Foreign Language or TOEFL is astandardised test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers wishing to enroll in U.S. universities. The test is accepted by many English-speaking academic and professional institutions. TOEFL is one of the two major English-language tests in the world, the other being the IELTS.

TOEFL is a trademark of ETS (Educational Testing Service), a private non-profit organisation, which designs and administers the tests. The scores are valid for two years; then they are no longer reported.

 

HISTORY

In 1962, a national council made up of representatives of thirty government and private organizations was formed to address the problem of ensuring English language proficiency for non-native speakers wishing to study at U.S. universities. This council recommended the development and administration of the TOEFL exam for the 1963-1964 time frame.

The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics under the direction of Stanford University applied linguistics professor Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.

The TOEFL test was first administered in 1964 by the Modern Language Association financed by grants from the Ford Foundation and Danforth Foundation.

In 1965, The College Board and ETS jointly assumed responsibility for the continuation of the TOEFL testing program.

In 1973, a cooperative arrangement was made between ETS, The College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations board of advisers to oversee and run the program. ETS was to administer the exam with the guidance of the TOEFL board.

To the present day, college admission criteria for international students who are Commonwealth of Nations nationals are exempted from taking the TOEFL exam - nations which are part of the Anglosphere (from Commonwealth realms to former British colonies e.g. Hong Kong SAR or former protectorates of the United States) where English is the de facto official language automatically grants a TOEFL exemption with some restrictions (e.g. residents of Quebec are required to take TOEFL while the rest of Canada is exempt).

 

FORMATS AND CONTENT

Internet based test

Since its introduction in late 2005, the TOEFL Internet-based Test (iBT) format has progressively replaced the computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-based tests (PBT), although paper-based testing is still used in select areas. The TOEFL iBT test has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The CBT was discontinued in September 2006 and these scores are no longer valid.

Initially, the demand for test seats was higher than availability, and candidates had to wait for months. It is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most countries.[8] The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring one of the basic language skills (while some tasks require integrating multiple skills), and all tasks focus on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking is allowed during the TOEFL iBT test. The test cannot be taken more than once every 12 days.



Reading

The Reading section consists of questions on 4–6 passages, each approximately 700 words in length. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Passages require understanding of rhetorical functions such as cause-effect, compare-contrast and argumentation. Students answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, essential information, sentence insertion, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose and overall ideas. New types of questions in the TOEFL iBT test require filling out tables or completing summaries. Prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer.

 

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Listening

The Listening section consists of questions on six passages, each 3–5 minutes in length. These passages include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. The conversations involve a student and either a professor or a campus service provider. The lectures are a self-contained portion of an academic lecture, which may involve student participation and does not assume specialized background knowledge in the subject area. Each conversation and lecture passage is heard only once. Test-takers may take notes while they listen and they may refer to their notes when they answer the questions. Each conversation is associated with five questions and each lecture with six. The questions are meant to measure the ability to understand main ideas, important details, implications, relationships between ideas, organization of information, speaker purpose and speaker attitude.

 

 

 



Speaking

The Speaking section consists of six tasks: two independent and four integrated. In the two independent tasks, test-takers answer opinion questions on familiar topics. They are evaluated on their ability to speak spontaneously and convey their ideas clearly and coherently. In two of the integrated tasks, test-takers read a short passage, listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and answer a question by combining appropriate information from the text and the talk. In the two remaining integrated tasks, test-takers listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and then respond to a question about what they heard. In the integrated tasks, test-takers are evaluated on their ability to appropriately synthesize and effectively convey information from the reading and listening material. Test-takers may take notes as they read and listen and may use their notes to help prepare their responses. Test-takers are given a short preparation time before they have to begin speaking. The responses are digitally recorded, sent to ETS’s Online Scoring Network (OSN), and evaluated by three to six raters.

 



Writing

The Writing section measures a test taker's ability to write in an academic setting and consists of two tasks: one integrated and one independent. In the integrated task, test-takers read a passage on an academic topic and then listen to a speaker discuss it. The test-taker then writes a summary about the important points in the listening passage and explains how these relate to the key points of the reading passage. In the independent task, the test-taker must write an essay that states their opinion or choice, and then explain it, rather than simply listing personal preferences or choices. Responses are sent to the ETS OSN and evaluated by at least 3 different raters.

 

 

TASK	DESCRIPTION	APPROXIMATE TIME
Reading	3–5 passages, each containing 12–14 questions	60–100 minutes
Listening	6–9 passages, each containing 5–6 questions	60–90 minutes
Break	Mandatory break	10 minutes
Speaking	6 tasks	20 minutes
Writing	2 tasks	50 minutes

 

One of the sections of the test will include extra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material to pilot test questions for future test forms. When test-takers are given a longer section, they should give equal effort to all of the questions because they do not know which question will count and which will be considered extra. For example, if there are four reading passages instead of three, then one of the passages will not be counted. Any of the four could be the uncounted one.

 

Paper-based Test

The TOEFL® paper-based Test (PBT) is available in limited areas. Scores are valid for two years after the test date, and test takers can have their scores sent to institutions or agencies during that time.

 

Listening (30 – 40 minutes)

The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.

 

Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)

The Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.

Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)

The Reading Comprehension sections has 50 questions about reading passages.

Writing (30 minutes)

The TOEFL PBT administrations include a writing test called the Test of Written English (TWE). This is one essay question with 250–300 words in average.

 

 

TEST SCORES

TOEFL iBT Test



The TOEFL iBT test is scored on a scale of 0 to 120 points.



Each of the four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) receives a scaled score from 0 to 30. The scaled scores from the four sections are added together to determine the total score.



Each speaking question is initially given a score of 0 to 4, and each writing question is initially given a score of 0 to 5. These scores are converted to scaled scores of 0 to 30

Paper based Test



The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores: Listening (31–68), Structure (31–68), and Reading (31–67). Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing component (referred to as the Test of WrittenEnglish, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0–6.



The score test takers receive on the Listening, Structure and Reading parts of the TOEFL test is not the percentage of correct answers. The score is converted to take into account the fact that some tests are more difficult than others. The converted scores correct these differences. Therefore, the converted score is a more accurate reflection of the ability than the raw score is.

Accepted TOEFL Scores

Most colleges use TOEFL scores as only one factor in their admission process, with a college or program within a college often setting a minimum TOEFL score required. The minimum TOEFL iBT scores range from 61 (Bowling Green State University) to 100 (MIT, Columbia, Harvard).[citation needed] A sampling of required TOEFL admissions scores shows that a total TOEFL iBT score of 74.2 for undergraduate admissions and 82.6 for graduate admissions may be required.ETS has released tables to convert between iBT, CBT and PBT scores.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TOEFL ITP Tests

TOEFL ITP tests are paper-based and use academic content to evaluate the English-language proficiency of non-native English speakers. The tests use new and previously administered TOEFL test questions and are used for placement, progress, evaluation, exit testing and other situations. The test scores, format and content of the test matches the "TOEFL PBT",[14] with the exception of not including the TWE (Test of Written Expression).

the TOEFL iBT and PBT tests, TOEFL ITP tests are administered by the institution and for internal use. It should not replace the need for the TOEFL iBT test, which is administered securely and includes Speaking and Writing components. There are two levels of TOEFL ITP: Level 1 (intermediate to advanced) and Level 2 (high beginning to intermediate).TOEFL ITP scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement.

 

TOEFL Junior Tests

ETS also offers the TOEFL Junior tests, a general assessment of middle school-level English-language proficiency. It is intended for students aged 11–14. The tests are administered in two formats: TOEFL Junior Standard (on paper) and TOEFL Junior Comprehensive (via computer). The TOEFL Junior Standard test has three sections: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension and Language Form and Meaning. The TOEFL Junior Comprehensive test has four: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Speaking and Writing. TOEFL Junior scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement.

 

 

Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores

 

IELTS Score	TOEFL Score
9	118-120
8.5	115-117
8	110-114
7.5	102-109
7	94-101
6.5	79-93
6	60-78
5.5	46-59
5	35-45
4.5	32-34
0-4	0-31

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reference :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_of_English_as_a_Foreign_Language

We are here!

-Ilham Anugrah

-Nur Anggita W.A

-Fitri Choirunisa

Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tulisan) Softskill B.inggris

2014 ELECTION

​A few more days we will carry out the Elections. The electoral vote for President this time. Many of the candidates who run for office. They run for president alongside partner of their coalition. They come from a variety of party and career background. Each candidate has the vision dan mission of each. They have campaigned and promote themselves. The choice depends on the community’s vote. Choose the right leader. Don’t get wrong.

​Many options available. But all is not necessarily well. Please choose a leader who can lead us to a better state. Choose those whoe can lead with their conscience. Deserved lead and become a role model. Not just the sheer promise of indulgence. Choose those who are able to prove his promise through real work. Because that is figure of leader’s dream. Don’t waste this moment. In order to become a momentum which has a story.

​Various speculations may occur therein. Avoid playing cheat. Fairness and honesty of badly needed here. In order to make it a healty election. Don’t cheat just for the sake of mere personal interest. There are leaders who don’t get elected by telling lies. Prove it in the outside world that our country is a country that synergized. In any case, especially in the general election. We are able to realize the dream of this country. This country would be far more advanced.

​Use this time to be appreciated. Don’t get me wrong use your suffrage. The wicked will defeat with a good one. Because the future of this country will be brought about by a leader who has the right to use his authority. The country is still weak and vulnerable. We need to back-lift one the object of the real power. Our choices determine the future. Don’t let political criminals get control of this government of the realm. Let’s move along.For the sake of change which means.

Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tulisan) Softskill B.inggris

JAKARTA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

 

Jakarta International School is a name of school in Jakarta. This school is based international standard. Many people hasthink this school is the best. But reality not like this. Many things was happened in this school. And some things that happened is crime. It’s irony. That’s a mistakes. Was happened on school that bassed based international. And also many parents of student that disappointed. Cause they are thought this school not best service.

There’s a one mistake that considered most dangerous. That’s one is pedophilia. Pedopihilia is abnormalities that should’ve be person liked this. It’s a big problem on school environment. I’ts happened. The impact very dangerous. For mental and psychic of kids. It’s should gonna take the serious handling. Many parents who worry. And their kids gonna be afraid. They not feeling safely.

It must there the law firm. So that the perpetrators of deterrent. Especially if the prepetrators has been arrested. And schools ashould also be more alerst. Especially in terms of the place of teachears. Do not have a teching background in notgood. Parents should also be selective in choosing schools for their children. Do not let them into the school that was struck is not good. Please choose a school that really qualified. In order for the future of children is also guaranteed.

The lesson for all of us. not all international schools that are good. We must be selective in the choice. That is not wrong.Because if it’s wrong, the future of the children that is at stake.Identify correctly the clarity of that school. There are still many actors out there floating around. That may not be known to a broad audience. They shall not step like a shipwreck. They go to ruin the state

Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tulisan) Softskill B.inggris

KALIMALANG RIVER

 

Firstly, I wanna tell you about story of Kalimalang River. I will story what I knew. Kalimalang is a name of river.Kalimalang is a bridge between river to sea. Kalimalang is builtby an architects. Had had designed this river is so longer. The distance’s so long. So miles away if you know all around.Kalimalang river is one of many longest river in this country. These are the cultural heritage of Indonesia.

The river’s should be clean. But, I have’nt say for this. Cause these river would not calles clean. Still there a lots of trash arounds. That’s so sad to hear that. You guys must be save anything on around of you. Be safe your environment. Because us is the next generation. The river saves many life. But I have an opinion, cause these river is not clean.

There’s a potention on the river. Example, the fisherman have got a fish. They have to cultivating that. They have to work. Got the earnings by those job. So from that, it is unfortunate if we not protects. There a is also a ferry boat service. They work to take the people. By one location to another place that they’ve be. These service is very good.

If you save the river, you’ve loved the earth. Protect the things that have the potention. The next generation will wait it. Be the right qibla. You’ll be the best inspiring. Love the nature what was gave you the life. Cause they was gave you the beauty. You should do this. Being the part of nature story. Thanks for share, Fellas!

Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tulisan) Softskill B.inggris

GUNADARMA UNIVERSITY

 

​I was finished from my senior high school. It’s been one years ago. Just take my decision to be continue the academy. My dad was recommended me to college. That is college, Gunadarma University. I had starting by register my self. Only fill the form on the room. And also I got the test tomorrow. I hadtest with another people that regist too. I just enjoyed the test.

​As lo as I wait for some times to result. Finally I got my result. And I’ve been passed to this college. I just starting my lecture. I was experience the phase of orientation. When I can knowing all people around me in this college. Had some fun times of it. We get to know each other. I met many new friends. I’m so glad to experience this

​First day since I lecture. I’m so embrassing when first met any new people. We just introduce our self. We talk together. We share together. And we study together. I just knowing some lecturer on my college. They are so humble and kindly. They are smart person. We share the knowledge together.

​I just accepted my homework. Lecturer’s who gave me. I should on time for finishing this. Sometimes I just felt my tired. But this is the rules. I must to doing that. Sometimes I did the works with my friends. It feels like so easy. But we’ve work together wit happiness. Enjoy of being the student.

Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tulisan) Softskill B.inggris

TRANSJAKARTA

 

​Transjakarta is the new facilities in Jakarta City.Transjakarta is the bus that can used by community.  This project has been happened by the governor of Jakarta (Sutiyoso). The people enthusiast is very good. Many people has respect about it. The part of them is changed to this bus. They thought this moment is nice thing. because this is the one of way to reduce polution in this town. Get the healty riding. You’ve got the best things.

​Had since years ago this project wants to be realize. But maybe this time that right to builded. Big donation was added to this project. And need many times to work it. But the end of the time, this project has done. The people felt a benevits. There’s a many good facilities. In there, we have to waiting the bus onhalte. Transjakarta have many rute. And having a good service.

​The ticket price is chip. Everyone can use this facilities. Talk about facilities, transjakarta was supported by internasionalsafety. And many people says this is true. Transjakarta have the own way. So, they have fee walk and not traffic jam. This is the best facilities. We proud of this achievement. We must protect this together. For enjoying this facilities.

​Behind the good things about transjakarta. They have a some trouble. I wanna tell you one of that. Transjakarta was burned a few times ago. No victim as to be. But that’s so bad news to hear. The government must a lots of study. Studying many things about the service. So that the incident not reply.This the big lesson for people around the world. Spread the safely.