Kamis, 27 November 2014
Tugas Ekonomi Koperasi (Softskill)
Sabtu, 01 November 2014
MSDM | Biografi Menteri Ketenagakerjaan 2014
Nama : Ilham AnugrahNPM : 14213267Kelas : 2EA28Fakultas : EkonomiJurusan : ManajemenUniversitas Gunadarma
Profil Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Hanif Dhakiri
Hanif Dhakiri didaulat sebagai Menteri Ketenagakerjaan dalam Kabinet Kerja Joko Widodo dan Jusuf Kalla. Penetapan ini diumumkan Joko Widodo di Istana Merdeka, Jakarta Pusat, Minggu (26/10/2014).
Nama Muhammad Hanif Dhakiri sontak muncul ke permukaan dan digadang-gadang bakal menjadi menteri kabinet Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla. Bersama Marwan Jafar dan Mohammad Nasir, Hanif Dhakiri disebut-sebut akan menjadi calon menteri yang mengurusi tenaga kerja dan transmigrasi.
Pria kelahiran Brebes, 1 Maret 53 tahun lalu ini adalah anggota DPR RI periode 2009-2014 dari Fraksi Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Ia dari daerah pemilihan Jawa Tengah, wilayah Kabupaten Batang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Kota Pekalongan dan Kabupaten Pemalang.
Ia bertugas di Komisi X DPR RI yang mengurusi masalah Pendidikan, Olahraga, Pariwisata, Kesenian dan Kebudayaan. Muhammad Hanif Dhakiri adalah seorang politisi muda Ketua DPP Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) yang mengabdi untuk partai tersebut sejak tahun 1998.
Hanif merupakan aktivis yang kental dan matang dalam tradisi organisasi Nahdlatul Ulama. di Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII). Ia pernah menjadi Ketua Komisariat IAIN Salatiga (1991-1992), Ketua PC PMII Salatiga (1994-1995), Anggota Pleno Koordinator Cabang PMII Jawa Tengah (1995-1996) dan Ketua Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Buruh (LSAB) Pengurus Besar (PB) PMII (1997-2000).
Tahun 2000, Hanif mencalonkan diri sebagai Ketua Umum PB PMII dalam kongresnya yang ketigabelas di Medan. Nasib baik rupanya belum berpihak padanya, sehingga ia belum berhasil menjadi Ketua Umum PMII.
Dia dipercaya menjadi Wakil Ketua Umum Dewan Koordinasi Nasional gerakan Pemuda Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (DKN Garda Bangsa) Periode 2006-2011.
Ia bergabung ke PKB sejak awal, tahun 1998. Ia salah satu perumus dasar-dasar kepartaian PKB, termasuk menulis AD/ART PKB, naskah deklarasi, platform politik PKB yang dinamainya Garis-garis Besar Perjuangan Partai (GBPP). Ia juga turut mendesain logo PKB yang diilhami warna PMII (Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia), dan gambar dasar khas NU, yakni bola dunia dan bintang sembilan.
Hanif salah satu lingkaran inti H Matori Abdul Djalil, mantan Ketua Umum PKB dan politisi terkemuka NU saat itu, yang diberi kepercayaan Ketua Umum PBNU KH Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur), saat itu untuk menakhodai kapal besar PKB untuk pertama kalinya.
Hanif pernah studi pendidikan S-2 di Universitas Indonesia dan telah menulis beberapa buku dan artikel, di antaranya Menggagas Fiqh Perburuhan (1999), Paulo Freire, Islam dan Pembebasan (2000), Post-tradisionalisme Islam (2000), Politik Melayani Basis (2001), Menjadi Politisi Manajer (2001), Kiai Kampung dan Demokrasi Lokal (2007), Mengapa Memilih PKB? (2008).
Hanif Dhakiri juga sempat menelurkan album musik berjudul "The Drizzle: Traces of a Broken Heart" yang ditujukan untuk merayakan pesta demokrasi Pemilu 2014. Album berisi 11 lagu ini dimaksudkan untuk mengajak kalangan muda agar tidak golput. "Musik ini diharapkan bisa mengajak pemilih pemula tidak lagi anti partai, dan tidak selalu menganggap Parpol (partai politik) itu kotor," kata Hanif.
"Politik itu indah, fun dan menarik, jika politik itu kotor musik bisa membasuhnya biar bersih," ujar Sekretaris Fraksi PKB ini. (Willy/Wikipedia)
Biofile:
Nama Lengkap: Muhammad Hanif Dhakiri
Tempat/tanggal lahir: Brebes, Jawa Tengah, 1 Maret 1961
Riwayat Organisasi:
- Aktivis Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia (PMII)
- Wakil Sekretaris Jenderal DPP PKB periode 2005-2010
- Wakil Ketua Umum Dewan Koordinasi Nasional Gerakan Pemuda PKB (DKN Garda Bangsa) Periode 2006-2011
- Anggota DPR RI periode 2009-2014 dari PKB
- Anggota Komisi X DPR RI yang mengurusi masalah Pendidikan, Olahraga, Pariwisata, Kesenian dan Kebudayaan.
Menulis beberapa buku dan artikel, di antaranya:
- Menggagas Fiqh Perburuhan (1999)
- Paulo Freire, Islam dan Pembebasan (2000)
- Post-tradisionalisme Islam (2000)
- Politik Melayani Basis (2001)
- Menjadi Politisi Manajer (2001)
- Kiai Kampung dan Demokrasi Lokal (2007)
- Mengapa Memilih PKB? (2008)
Opini saya terhadap beliau : Hanif Dhakiri ialah seorang tokoh politik yang telah memiliki banyak pengalaman di bidangnya. Berlandaskan track record berpartisipasi dalam beberapa partai, beliau merupakan sosok yang dianggap mempunyai kualitas dan berkompeten. Maka dari itu pada kabinet Jokowi-JK (2014) ini beliau diberi kepercayaan dalam menduduki jabatan menteri ketenagakerjaan yang diharapkan mampu merubah paradigma maupun sudut pandang lingkungan ketenagakerjaan di tanah air ini.
Rabu, 22 Oktober 2014
Tulisan EKONOMI KOPERASI (Softskill)
Seperti halnya bentuk badan usaha yang lain, untuk menjalankan kegiatan usahanya koperasi memerlukan modal. Adapun modal koperasi terdiri Istilah sisa hasil-usaha atau SHU dalam organisasi badan usaha koperasi dapat dipandang dari dua sisi. Dari sisi pertama, SHU ditentukan dari cara menghitungnya yaitu seperti yang disebut di dalam Pasal 45 Ayat (1) Undang-Undang.
Modal Sendiri meliputi sumber modal sebagai berikut:
Simpanan Pokok, yaitu sejumlah uang yang wajib dibayarkan oleh anggota kepada koperasi pada saat masuk menjadi anggota. Simpanan pokok tidak dapat diambil kembali selama yang bersangkutan masih menjadi anggota koperasi. Simpanan pokok jumlahnya sama untuk setiap anggota.
Simpanan Wajib, yaitu jumlah simpanan tertentu yang harus dibayarkan oleh anggota kepada koperasi dalam waktu dan kesempatan tertentu, misalnya tiap bulan dengan jumlah simpanan yang sama untuk setiap bulannya. Simpanan wajib tidak dapat diambil kembali selama yang bersangkutan masih menjadi anggota koperasi.
- Anggota dan calon anggota;
- Koperasi lainnya dan/atau anggotanya yang didasari dengan perjanjian kerjasama antarkoperasi;
- Bank dan lembaga keuangan lainnya yang dilakukan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perudang-undangan yang berlaku;
- Penerbitan obligasi dan surat utang lainnya yang dilakukan berdasarkan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku;
- Sumber lain yang sah.
Kontribusi anggota terhadap kegiatan usaha koperasi dapat berbentuk kewajiban anggota untuk membayar harga atas pelayanan koperasi. Di dalam harga atas pelayanan koperasi terdapat unsur pendapatan koperasi, yang akan digunakan oleh koperasi guna menutupi biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan oleh organisasi koperasi.
Referensi : http://keuanganlsm.com/sisa-hasil-usaha-shu-koperasi/
Sabtu, 27 September 2014
Tulisan EKONOMI KOPERASI (Softskill)
Gerakan koperasi digagas oleh Robert Owen ( 1771-1858), yan menerapkan nya pertama kali pada usaha permintaan kapas di New Lanark, Skotlandia . Gerakan koperasi ini dikembangkan lebih lanjut oleh William King (1786-1865) dengan mendirikan toko koperasi di Brrighton, Inggris. Pada 1 Mei 1828, King menerbitkan publikasi bulanan yang bernama The Cooperator, yang berisi berbagai gagasan dan saran-saran praktis tentang mengelola toko dengan menggunakan prinsip koperasi . Koperasi pun berkembang di negara-negara lainnya.
2. Perkembangan koperasi di Indonesia, Koperasi diperkenalkan di Indonesia oleh Raden Arta Wiriaatmadja. Seorang patih dari Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 1896. Bekerja sama dengan E Sieburg, R. Arta Wiraatmadja mendirikan koperasi kredit sistem Riffeisen. Gerakan koperasi semakin meluas bersamaan dengan munculnya pergerakan nasional menentang penjajahan. Gerakan koperasi semakin meluas bersamaan dengan munculnya pergerakan nasional menentang penjajahan. Berdirinya Boedi Oetomo, pada tahun 1908 mencoba memajukan koperasi rumah tangga ( koperasi konsumsi ). Serikat Islam pada tahun 1913 membantu memajukan koperasi dengan bantuan modal dan mendirikan Toko Koperasi. Pada tahun 1927, usaha koperasi dilanjutkan oleh Indonesische Studie Club yang kemudian menjadi Persatuan Bangsa Indonesia ( PBI ) di Surabaya. Partai Nasional Indonesia ( PNI ) di dalam kongresnya di Jakarta berusaha menggelorakan semangat operasi sehingga kongres ini sering juga disebut “ kongres koperasi ”. Tujuan nya untuk membantu para anggotanya agar tidak terjerat dengan rentenir. Pada jaman penjajahan Jepang koperasi Indonesia dijadikan alat pertahanan dengan nama kumiai. Fungsi koperasi menjadi rusak dan banyak yang membubarkan diri.
Setelah Indonesia merdeka semangat mendirikan koperasi bangkit kembali. Pemerintah mendukung penuh atas pendirian koperasi, khususnya melalui UUD 1945, pasal 33 ayat 1 pada tanggal 12 Juli 1947 diadakan kongres pertama di Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat.
- Sekilas info mengenai Bapak Koperasi Indonesia
Mohammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta lahir di Bukittinggi pada tanggal 12 Agustus 1902. Ia mempelajari ilmu ekonomi di Belanda dari tahun 1921 sampai tahun 1932. Kemudian ia menjadi salah satu pendiri Partai Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia dan bersama Sukarno menjadi proklamator kemerdekaan Indonesia. Hatta menjabat sebagai wakil presiden Indonesia pertama mendampingi sukarno yang menjabat sebagai presiden pertama Indonesia. Selama menjabat menjadi wakil presiden ia menulis beberapa esai dari buku ekonomi kerakyatan. Selama itu Ia mengembangkan koperasi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Ia memperoleh sebutan sebagai Bapak Koperasi Indonesia dalam Kongres Koperasi Indonesia.
Hal itu sebenarnya sudah tersirat dalam pandangan Mohammad Hatta, Bapak Koperasi Indonesia. Menurut Hatta, Koperasi adalah usaha bersama dalam memperbaiki nasib penghidupan ekonomi berdasarkan tolong menolong. Semangat tolong menolong tersebut didukung keinginan memberi jasa kepada kawan berdasarkan prinsip “satu untuk semua dan semua untuk satu”.
- PRINSIP-PRINSIP KOPERASI
Bahwa ada 7 prinsip yang dapat dianut suatu koperasi, yaitu :
- Keanggotaan bersifat sukarela dan terbuka
- Pengelolaan dilakukan secara demokratis
- Pembagian sisa hasil usaha berdasarkan jasa anggota
- Pemberian balas jasa terbatas terhadap modal
- Kemandirian
- Pendidikan perkoperasian
- Kerja sama antarkoperasi
Senin, 30 Juni 2014
Resume materi Sosiologi & Politik (Bab 2-10)
Individual yang satu memberikan pengaruh, rangsangan atau stimulus kepada individual lainnya.
2. Interaksi antara individual dengan kelompok
Secara kongkret bentuk interaksi sosial antara individual dengan kelompok bisa di lihat pada contoh : seorang guru sedang mengajar siswa-siswinya di dalam kelas.
3. Interaksi antara kelompok dengan kelompok
Bentuk interaksi seperti ini menunjukan bahwa kepentingan individual dalam kelompok merupakan satu kesatuan, berhubungan dengan kepentingan individual dalam kelompok lain.
Kamis, 19 Juni 2014
Melengkapi kalimat
make the writing of these words
Food Traveller
Jeans Enthusiasts
Man Overboard
Selasa, 17 Juni 2014
Teamwork
Jakarta Hardcore a.k.a JHC
Blink 182
Girlfriend
Friends
Mother
Straight Edge
Minggu, 15 Juni 2014
Music Gigs
Sneakers
Sabtu, 14 Juni 2014
Music Genre
Skateboarding
Passion
Fashion
Band
Drum
Guitar
Song Writer
Selasa, 03 Juni 2014
Ilham Anugrah | 14213267 | 1EA31 | (Tugas) Softskill B.inggris
Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC)
The Test of English for International Communication(TOEIC) is “an English language test designed specifically to measure the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment”.
There are different forms of the exam: The TOEIC Listening & Reading Test consists of two equally graded tests of comprehension assessment activities totaling a possible 990 score: the newer TOEIC Speaking & Writing Test comprises tests of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, fluency, overall coherence, and structure (organization of sentences) totaling a possible 400 score.
The TOEIC Listening & Reading Test is a two-hour multiple-choice test consisting of 200 questions evenly divided intolistening comprehension and reading comprehension. Each candidate receives independent scores for listening and reading comprehension on a scale from 5 to 495 points. The total score add up to a scale from 10 to 990 points. The TOEIC certificate exists in five colors, corresponding to achieve results:
The TOEIC Speaking & Writing Test was introduced in 2006. Test takers receive separate scores for each of the two tests, or can take the Speaking test without taking the Writing test. The Speaking test assesses pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and fluency, while the Writing test examines vocabulary, grammar, and overall coherence and organization. The tests are designed to reflect actual English usage in the workplace, though they do not require any knowledge of specialized business terms. The TOEIC Speaking Test takes approximately 20 minutes to complete; the TOEIC writing test lasts approximately 60 minutes. Each test has a score range between 0-200, with test takers grouped into eight proficiency levels.
In addition to the official TOEIC tests, there are also versions that individual businesses and educational institutions can purchase for internal use. These "Institutional" TOEIC tests can be administered at the organization's own choice of location and time to their employees or students.
Hiistory
The US-based Educational Testing Service (ETS) developed the TOEIC test to measure achievement in using English in a business setting. Yasuo Kitaoka was the central figure of the Japanese team that conceived the basic idea of the TOEIC test.
According to an Aug 11th, 2009 Japan Times article, "In the 1970s, Kitaoka began negotiating with ETS to create a new test of English communication for use in Japan. ETS responded that it required a nonprofit organization to work with as their partner. Kitaoka tried to enlist the help of the Ministry of Education, but their bureaucrats did not see the need for a new test to compete with the STEP Eiken, an English test already backed by the ministry. To overcome this opposition, Kitaokareceived help from his friend, Yaeji Watanabe. Watanabe's influence as a retired high-ranking bureaucrat from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (renamed the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry, or METI) proved crucial to TOEIC's establishment.
Watanabe had remained in contact with his old ministry while working on the board of directors for the World Economic Information Services (WEIS) and as chairman of the Japan-China Economic Association, both public-interest corporations operating under MITI. Watanabe declined an interview request, but his memoirs describe how he overcame Ministry of Education opposition to the TOEIC by taking cover "behind the ministry of trade shield." Watanabe convinced his old ministry it should play the lead role in establishing a new English test, and formed a TOEIC Steering Committee under the WEIS umbrella. Members of the committee included other retired MITI bureaucrats and influential business leaders.
Government support secured, ETS began developing the test in 1977. In 1979, English learners in Japan filled in the first of many TOEIC multiple-choice answer forms.
ETS's major competitors are Cambridge University, which administers the IELTS, FCE, CAE, and CPE and Trinity College London, which administers GESE and ISE exams.
A new version of the TOEIC Listening & Reading test was released in 2006. The changes can be summarized as follows:
The Institute for International Business Communication (Zaidanhōjin Kokusai Bijinesu Komyunikēshon Kyōkai) operates the TOEIC test in Japan, where a total of nearly 1.5 million people take the test per year. There are two ways to take the TOEIC test properly. One is called the TOEIC SP Test (Secure Program Test: Kōkai Tesuto), in which one can take the test either individually or in a group on specified dates at a test centre specified by the TOEIC Steering Committee. The other is the TOEIC Institutional Program (IP) Test (Dantai TokubetsuJuken Seido), in which an organization can choose the date and administer the test at its convenience in accordance with the TOEIC Steering Committee. The TOEIC SP Test was renewed on May 2006, followed by the TOEIC IP Test in April 2007 in line so that it would be with the SP Test. More and more companies use TOEIC scores for personnel assessment instead of the homegrown STEP Eiken test organized by the Society for Testing English Proficiency (STEP) (Nihon Eigo Kentei KyōkaiShusai Jitsuyō Eigo Ginō Kentei Shiken “Eiken”). The TOEIC Speaking Test/Writing Test started on January 21, 2007 in addition to the TOEIC SP Test and the TOEIC IP Test.
The Institute for International Business Communication (IIBC), the non-profit organization that administers the TOEIC in Japan, was the subject of a scandal in 2009.
In May and June 2009, articles in the Japanese weekly magazine FRIDAY accused the IIBC’s 92 year-old ChairmanYaeji Watanabe of nepotism when he appointed the son of his girlfriend to the position of Chairman of the IIBC Board of Directors. To force the appointment, half of the volunteers serving on the Board were forced out by Watanabe. The magazine article also questioned why Watanabe only showed up for work about one day a week.
In his defense, Watanabe claimed that he held a ceremonial title and was Chairman in name only. As a result Watanabe claimed that he had little to do with the decision to appoint the son of his girlfriend to the position. The magazine article concluded by asking why someone who is Chairman only in name and only working one day a week should receive an annual salary in excess of 25 million yen.
In August 2009, the online version of the English-language newspaper The Japan Times published a two-part series examining the TOEIC’s origins and early history as well as the use of test-taker fees by the IIBC on the internet. The August 18th article examined the questionable uses of test-fees, including, a fivefold increase in utility expenses in one year, 13 million spent annually on research about adapting to Chinese culture, sponsorship of poetry readings by the Chinese Poetry Recitation Association, and membership fees to join the Beautiful Aging Association, for which Watanabe also happened to be Chairman.
The article also questioned the relationship between the IIBC and its for-profit partner International Communications School with which it shared office space. International Communications School is responsible for selling the TOEIC Institutional Program Test given by companies and schools, and also publishes IIBC approved TOEIC preparation textbooks and administers the TOEIC Japanese language Web site. Also, one of International Communications School's subsidiaries is E-Communications, which administers the TOEIC’s online application system and provides online TOEIC study materials.
In 2009, Watanabe suddenly resigned from the IIBC, leaving the son of his girlfriend in charge of the non-profit. Watanabe received a 25 million yen retirement payment.
The IIBC lowered the price of the TOEIC Secure Program Test from 6,615 yen to 5,985 yen starting with the September 13, 2009 test. The price had to be lowered due to pressure from the Ministry of Trade, which instructed the IIBC to reduce the profits being generated by the test.
In July 2010, the Tokyo Tax Bureau announced that International Communications School, IIBC's for-profit partner, hid 100 million yen in income and had to pay 30 million yen in back taxes and fines.
Toward the end of 2005, there was a shift in South Korea, regarded as the second biggest consumer of TOEIC per capita.As noted in The Chosun Ilbo (Korea Daily Reports) national daily, a number of major corporations have either removed or reduced the required TOEIC score for employment. An official from the Industrial Bank of Korea (IBK: Kiup Bank) says, "TOEIC isn't an appropriate indicator of actual English skills.However, a person's TOEIC score is still a major factor in hiring persons for most professional jobs in South Korea. Starting in 2011, Korean universities will no longer be allowed to use TOEIC and TOEFL scores as part of the admission process. However, many Universities in Korea still requiring a minimum score of 900, this is apparently to discourage private English education (there are many private institutions that teach TOEIC-based classes). Another English proficiency test, TEPS(developed by Seoul National University, Chosun Ilbo), has been developed and may replace the status of TOEIC.
In France, some Grandes écoles require a TOEIC score of at least 785 to award the diploma. This policy has been criticized, as it makes state-awarded diplomas dependent on a private institution—despite the fact that it was not the private institution that set the 785 mark but a recommendation from theCommission des titres d'ingénieur indicating a B2+ level on theCommon European Framework of Reference for Languages. If the student cannot achieve a 785 mark, he/she is offered to validate his/her diploma by other means in most of the schools. Some institutions delay the diploma for 1 year after the end of the studies in that case.
In Greece, TOEIC is accepted by ASEP, the organisationresponsible for hiring new employees to work for the government.
In Italy, TOEIC is often used by universities as an exam to pass degree level qualifications. All universities require that students pass an English examination to be allowed to partake in degree courses and to receive diplomas. A TOEIC score of 450 is usually required to complete 3 years of study and a score of 600 is usually required to obtain the diploma. Many universities allow alternative qualifications to the TOEIC, such as the Cambridge certificate and TOEFL tests. Most universities do not offer other language preparation or language tests, requiring students to seek external preparation and examination for a requirement enforced by the department of education for all degrees.
The TOEIC was one test used to apply for a visa to study in the UK. However a 2014 undercover investigation by the BBCprogram Panorama appeared to expose systematic cheating & fraud by an independent organization administering the TOEIC, which led to the Home Office suspending acceptance of all ETS English exams. Eventually, on 5th April 2014, ETS has decided not to renew its licence as a provider of a Secure English Language Test (SELT), which means that all its English language tests are no longer honoured for purposes of being issued a UK visa.
Both the TOEIC Listening & Reading and the TOEIC Speaking & Writing tests are now available in the United States. While the TOEIC Listening & Reading test has been available for decades, the TOEIC Speaking & Writing test was introduced in the United States only in 2009. Registration for the TOEIC Speaking & Writing test is handled by the English4Success division of the nonprofit organization Amideast.
TOEIC Bridge Test
ETS also administers a simplified version of the TOEIC test called TOEIC Bridge. The TOEIC Bridge test targets beginning and intermediate speakers and consists of 100 multiple-choice questions, requiring about one hour of testing time.
TOEIC Bridge in Chile
The TOEIC Bridge was used in Chile as part of the 2010 SIMCE test.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEIC
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-Ilham Anugrah
-Nur Anggita W.A
-Fitri Choirunisa
